15-WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEWSPAPER THROWING LIGHT ON THE REASON FOR THE DECLINE OF STANDARD OF EDUCATION.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )

...............................................................................Examination Hall,

...............................................................................City A.B.C

...............................................................................June 14,2010.

To

The Editor,

The News,

Lahore

Subject: Reason for the decline of standard of education

Sir,

        I would like to draw your attention to a burning question decline of standard of education that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. At present, it has replete with countless drawbacks. It has failed to produce intellectual class. That is why, our country is not making progress by leaps and bounds. We lag behind form the European nations in the technical and scientific fields. There are many reasons for the deterioration of standard of education.

First of all, medium of education in our country is English while our mother tongue is Urdu. Most of the students fail because English does suit their genius. The reason is that it is taught as a compulsory subject in our educational system. Secondly, modern means of amusement have made the students lazy and indolent. They have not remained more painstaking than before. They kill much of their time by watching movies on television. Thirdly, our examination system has become rotten to core. Now students. Think that it is their right to use unfair means in the examination. Fourthly, in colleges and universities, much time is wasted in strikes and demonstration. Fifthly, our teachers are incompetent. They are unaware of the modern teaching techniques.

The following measures may be taken to improve the standard of education.

1: Medium of education should be Urdu. In this regard, we should follow the shining examples of Japan, China, Germany and other countries, which have made tremendous progress in every walk of life without changing their mother tongue.

2: The government should make sincere efforts to improve the examination system. For the purpose, examination should be conducted under the supervision of Army.

3: Strict actions should be taken against those elements, which destroy the atmosphere of colleges.

4: Teachers should be trained on modern lines. The concerned authorities should conduct refresher courses for the teachers regularly.

...............................................................................Yours truly,

...............................................................................X.Y.Z.

13- WRITE THE LETTER TO EDITOR SUGGESTING THE MEASURES, WHICH WE SHOULD TAKE UP TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )

................................................................................Examination Hall,

................................................................................City A.B.C

................................................................................June 14,2010.

To

The Editor,

The News,

Lahore

Subject: Measures to minimize the effects of earthquake.

Sir,

           Through your esteemed paper, I would like to throw light on the measures which we should take up to minimize the effects of the earthquake. On October 8, 2005, Pakistan had to face a sudden calamity of earthquake. The areas near the center of earthquake were horribly jolted. Huge buildings and houses crashed to the ground in no time and inmates were buried under the debris. Thousands of parents lost their babies and likewise children lost their parents. The earthquake was so horrible that in the twinkling of an eye, it changed the face of the region. It was recorded in the northern nears of Pakistan including Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Azad Kashmir, India Held Kashmir and Peshawar especially in the cold northern areas like Mansehra, Balakot, Muzzaferabad and Bagh. Nothing remained safe there. Thousands of people died and hundreds got serious injuries.

However, the following measures may be taken to minimize the effects of the earthquake.

(a) If we feel the jolts of earthquake, we should, at once, quit the building.

(b) Natural gas, electricity and water supply should be turned off.

(c) Earthquake proof buildings should be set up.

(d) Be careful after an earthquake. Stay out of the damaged buildings, which can collapse due to after shocks.

I hope we can minimize the losses of life and property by adopting these measures.

................................................................................Yours sincerely,

................................................................................X.Y.Z.

14- WRITE A LETTER TO EDITOR FOR POOR B.A RESULTS.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )

................................................................................Examination Hall,

................................................................................City A.B.C

................................................................................June 14,2010.

To

The Editor,

The News,

Lahore

Subject: Poor B.A. Results

Sir,

           I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities and the educated community of the country to poor B.A results announced by the university. I am very sorry to say that the results are worse than that of previous years. There are so many causes of it. Firstly, University changed the paper pattern completely. According to new pattern, short question only demands 100/150-word answer and students cram lengthy answers. As a result. They could not adjust or arrange their material and fail in the examination. Secondly, our English professors do not pay attention to the individual deficiency of the students. They do not help them learn writing skill. Majority of them force the students to cram ready-made answers. Thirdly, some of the questions in the Paper-A were set out of syllabus. Fourthly, Paper-B was so difficult that students could not attempt a single question. The reason is that this paper has no connection with cramming and majority of the students cannot even write a single sentence in their own. Fifthly, in this year, University has raised the standard to pass the examination. It is due to the above-mentioned facts that countless students could not get through the examination.

I would like to make the following measures to improve the B.A results:

1: Government should adopt such steps as are necessary to develop the creative faculties of the students.

2: Refresher courses should be conducted to train the teachers for new paper pattern.

3: Cramming should be discouraged at school and college level.

I hope that the concerned authorities will take notice of what I have said.

................................................................................Yours truly,

................................................................................X.Y.Z.

11- WRITE A LETTER TO EDITOR INCREASING UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE COUNTRY.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


................................................................................Examination Hall,
................................................................................City A.B.C
................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Increasing unemployment in the country

Sir,

            I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question, increasing unemployment in the country. It has badly affected educated young men, uneducated machine-workers as well as the tillers of soil. When a post falls vacant, countless applications pour in for it. In this way, our educated class is highly disappointed. There are many causes of unemployment in the country. Firstly, Pakistan is a developing country. It has fewer resources but its population is increasing by leaps and bounds. Secondly, it is a strange paradox that developed countries have enough sources but they have controlled their population. On the other hand, Pakistan has meager resources but its population is increasing rapidly. Thirdly, it is a fact that many villagers like to settle in cities because our countryside in not developed and the villagers have no facilities of modern life such ah electricity, water supply, sui gas etc. so we find expansion of cities. Such men need jobs, so it is also a cause of unemployment.

Fourthly, war also brings about unemployment on a large scale. During Gulf war, number of factories and mills were razed by the Allies. As a result, workers working in these factories became jobless.

I would make the following measures to the government to cope with this problem.

(a) Self-employment scheme should be introduced. More funds should be made available in the form of loans.

(b) The government set up technical and vocational institution in the country.

(c) Foreign investors should be encouraged to invest their capital in the country.

(d) The government should check migration of villagers to cities by providing modern facilities there.

I hope that the concerned authorities will pay attention of what I have said.

................................................................................Yours truly,
................................................................................X.Y.Z.


12- WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR ABOUT THE RELIEF ACTIVITIES ADOPTE BY THE CIVIL, SOCIAL AGENCIES AND THE ARMY OF PAKISTAN.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


................................................................................Examination Hall,
................................................................................City A.B.C
................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Relief measures for the Earthquake victims

Sir,

            Through your esteemed paper, I would like to throw light on the relief measures taken by the civil, social agencies and the army of Pakistan. The earthquake put a new life into a Pakistani nation. The tragedy awoke feelings of love, sacrifices and goodwill among people and they rushed to the scene to succor the earthquake victims. Relief centers were set up in every town and city. Thousands of trucks loaded with the relief luggage have been sent to the affected areas. People donated money, clothes, medicines and foodstuff lavishly. Temporary hospitals and schools have been set up there with the help of the NGOs. The different countries like America, Saudis Arabia, Turkey, Holland, Japan, Germany, Australia and many others have helped Pakistan. They have not only provided the luggage and army officers to help the earthquake victims but also sent mobile hospitals to treat the seriously injured persons.

International donor’s Conference held in Islamabad, pledged to contribute 6.2 billion dollars for the rehabilitation of the earthquake victims.

Anyhow, it will take not only months but also years to rebuild these are where, at present, death and destruction reigns supreme. The loss is so huge that its compensation temporarily seems very difficult. It is a big challenge for all of us especially for the Pakistani government to utilize all its energies and resources to face this natural catastrophe. May Allah help us all in this trying time and also bless hope to those for whom life a really become a bitter fact.

................................................................................Yours sincerely,
................................................................................X.Y.Z.

10- WRITE AN APPLICATION TO THE DISTRICT NAZIM ZBOUT THE BAD SANITARY CONDITION IN YOUR LOCALITY.

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


To
The District Nazim,
Municipal Corporation,
City A.B.C

Subject: Bad sanitary condition in our area

Sir,

            I would like to draw your attention to a burning question the bad sanitary condition in our area. I am very sorry to say that the street is replete with cavaties. The heaps of dirt and filth are allowed to lie for many days. The sewerage system is defective. The drains are not cleaned properly. Owing to over-flowing of drains, pools of stagnant water are found everywhere. Mosquitoes, flies and insects breed on them. Sweepers do not clean the streets regularly and as a result, the rubbish emits stinking smell. It is exremlly difficult for the passers-by to pass through the streets. As a result, the locality has become the haven of various epidemics.

I would suggest the following steps to the concerned authority in this connection.

(a) drains should be repaired propely so that the flow pf the dirty water may not be affected.

(b) Sainitary onspectors must check the sweepers during their duties. If anybody is found absent from his duty, strict action must be taken against him.

(c) To sprinkle D.D.T. in all the houses in this locality is very necessary from the hygienic point of view.

I hope that the concerned authorities will take some drastic steps to solve this problem.

................................................................................Yours truly,
................................................................................X.Y.Z.

LETTERS TO EDITOR (FOR: B.A)

8- WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR ABOUT STREET BEGGING

(SET BY: PROF.MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


................................................................................Examination Hall,
................................................................................City A.B.C
................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Street begging
Sir,

          Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question – street begging in our society that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. I am very sorry to point out that the number of beggars is increasing day by day. There is no place free from them. Sometime, these professional beggars pester the inmates to such a level that they find it difficult to get rid of them. If they are not given alms, they start cursing. It has been observed that majority of them are sturdy and healthy but are easy going and indolent and don’t like to do any job. They easily take to begging. There are few who are either lame, or blind or suffer from some highly infectious disease.

I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) Laws should be enacted in order to check street begging.

(b) Education should be made free and compulsory up to metric level. It is through education that we can teach them that begging is bad.

(c) Charity is the traditional system of reducing the sufferings of the poor. Some millionaires establish orphanages and other institutions in order to help the disabled, beggars and the needy. By doing so, they feel that they have done a good thing. But housing for the disabled is not enough. They should be trained and taught to become good citizens.

(d) Overpopulation, unemployment, inflation and poverty are the some causes of this social evil. The government should make efforts to control over-population by educating the people, provide jobs to the educated class for which they are suitable by nature or attainments, check price-rising and set up technical institutions in order to cope with poverty.

(e) Our religion Islam strictly prohibits begging. To check it, it has introduced Zakat system. The government should setup industries with the money collected under Zakat where the poor people should be trained.

I hope that the concerned authorities will take some drastic steps to solve this social evil

................................................................................Yours truly,
................................................................................X.Y.Z.

LETTERS TO EDITOR (FOR: B.A)

6- WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR ABOUT POLLUTION

(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )
.................................................................................Examination Hall,
.................................................................................City A.B.C
.................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Pollution

Sir,

Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question, Pollution in the country that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. I am sorry to point out that pollution has posed a great threat not only to the health of the people but also to that of animals and plants. There is no doubt that every country is facing this problem, but the developed countries have controlled pollution to some degree with the help of their advanced technology. Our country has to face air, water, soil and noise pollution. Air pollution turns the clear and odorless air into a poisonous gas that harms to health, kills plants, and damages property. It results from burning process. Water pollution reduce the amount of pure and

Fresh water. The pollutant of water comes from industries, farms and sewerage system. Noise is very troublesome pollutant in the urban areas. The noise comes from aeroplanes, vehicles, industries, speakers, etc. it effects sense of hearing and causes anxiety depression and nervousness. Soil pollution damages the thin layer of fertile soil that is essential for growing food. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) Vehicles, which emit much smoke, should be banned.

(b) The use of oil as fuel releases 70 percent less Co2 than that of coal, so the government should work on the projects of hydropower, nuclear power, solar energy, etc.

(c) No industry should be set up near the residential areas.

(d) More trees should be planted because forests keep the environment clean.

I hope that the higher authorities will take notice of what I have said.

.................................................................................Yours truly,
.................................................................................X.Y.Z.



7- WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR ABOUT CORRUPTION

(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )

.................................................................................Examination Hall,
.................................................................................City A.B.C
.................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Corruption in our Society

Sir,

Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question, Corruption in our society that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. I am very sorry to point out that corruption has become synonym with our existing system and is pushing our nation to a dead end. Misappropriation of public money, bad debt, favoritism, nepotism and misuse of power are the few examples of corruption. Infect, corruption has gained deep roots in our society because of wrong decisions and lack of planning on the part of the government. There are many causes of corruption:

(a) Our structure of income tax is very old and the tax collection easily embezzle the amount of tax by providing undue benefits to the tax payers.

(b) Bureaucracy enjoys limitless power. Majority of them misuse their authority and forge public funds.

(c) Our country falls prey to political instability. Dissolution of assemblies has become a fashion in Pakistan. After 1985, no government could complete its tenure.

(d) Poverty also brings about corruption. The poor fall victim to class consciousness and they use every method to become rich.

I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) Tax laws should be strict. Honest officers should be appointed on high positions in order to check the tax collection.

(b) Merit policy should be adopted everywhere either in admission or in recruitment.

(c) Government should make accountability compulsory for all politicians and civil servants.

(d) Government should make strict law against corruption and the corrupt persons should be given exemplary punishment.

I hope that the concerned authorities will take some drastic steps to solve this social evil.

.................................................................................Yours truly,
.................................................................................X.Y.Z.

Fsc-Biology Notes(Part 1-2)

Fsc-Chemistry Notes(Part 1-2)

Fsc-Physics Notes(Part 1-2)

LETTERS TO EDITORS (FOR: B.A)

5- LETTER TO EDITOR ABOUT ACTS OF TERRORISM OR BOMB BLASTS

(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


..................................................................................Examination Hall,
..................................................................................City A.B.C
..................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore



Subject: Terrorism or bomb blast in the country



Sir,

        Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question—terrorism in the country that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. Pakistan is an absolutely a non-terrorist country. It has always condemned terrorism believing in peace and tranquility through out the World. Pakistan, on its land has to face countless terrorist activities soon after the invasion of Soviet Union on Afghanistan. At present, it is also facing the terrorist activities of RAW particularly in Karachi and generally in the whole country. These terrorists do not even spare worship places where the innocent people are killed when they are busy in their prayers. Usually, terrorists adopt various waves of terrorism such as hijacking, bomb blasts and assassination of prominent figures in order to fulfill their negative purposes. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) We should be neutral in world polities. We should try to have friendly relations with all the big powers.

(b) We should keep all the Afghans and other refugees’ within the areas of their camp. Fresh lists of the new and old refugees should be kept.

(c) Inside the country, the identity cards, places of stay and contacts of all doubtful people should be checked.

(d) The arms illegally possessed by our people should be taken back.

(e) In order to check sabotage, the police force should be trained on modern lines.

(f) The saboteurs should be given exemplary punishments.

I hope that higher authorities will take notice of what I have said.

..................................................................................Yours truly,
..................................................................................X.Y.Z.

LETTERS TO EDITORS (FOR: BA)

3-LETTER TO EDITOR MAL-PRACTICES IN THE EXAMINATIONS.
(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


..................................................................................Examination Hall,
..................................................................................City A.B.C
..................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Mal-practice in the examinations.

Sir,

Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question Mal-practice in the examinations. I am sorry to point out that our examination system has become a rotten to the core. Now the students think that it is their right to use unfair means in the examination. When an examination is held, there are many helpers outside the examination center. They try to smuggle booty to their friends. The examinees also offer hush money to the invigilators in order to get maximum opportunities to attempt some questions set in the paper. In this year, the outsiders have announced the solution of some objective type questions on the mega phone. The police do nothing in this connection. Perhaps they are bribed. If any staff member catches somebody red handed, he takes out arms against the dutiful person. Now the superintendents send reports to the Chairman of the Board that they are helpless. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) The government should enact law that, during the examination irrelevant persons are allowed to go near the examination center.

(b) The government should provide security to the invigilators.

(c) I think all the examination should be conducted under the supervision of Army.

I hope that the concerned authorities will take necessary steps to solve this problem.

..................................................................................Yours truly,
..................................................................................X.Y.Z.

4- LETTER TO EDITOR ABOUT THE MIGRATION OF VILLAGERS TO CITIES ‘’OR’’ BLIND EXPANSION OF CITIES.
(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )


..................................................................................Examination Hall,
..................................................................................City A.B.C
..................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Migration of villagers to cities

Sir,

Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question the migration of villagers to cities (blind expansion of cities). I am sorry to point out that nowadays the villagers do not like to stick to the countryside and they have a desire to settle in cities. As a result, all cities and towns in Pakistan are expanding blindly. It has created various social and economic problems. First of all, all development schemes are badly affected. The main victim, in this regard is the drainage system in the cities. After five years, the scheme fails due to the expansion of the towns or cities. Secondly, residential and sanitary problems are due to the influx of the villagers. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.

(a) The government should provide all the villagers with all modern facilities that we enjoy in cities. In this regard we can adopt the policy of decentralization as China has done. We should set u schools, hospitals, colleges, and factories in the countryside. All future universities should be opened in villages. Oxford was just a village when a university was setup there.

(b) Pacca roads should be constructed in the rural areas and all the villages should be electrified.

I hope that the higher authorities will take notice of what I said.

..................................................................................Yours truly,
..................................................................................X.Y.Z.

LETTERS TO EDITORS (For: B.A)

(SET BY: MIRZA ASIF BAIG )

1- LETTER TO EDITOR-RISING PRICES OF THINGS OF DAILY USE OR INFLATION.
............................................................................................Examination Hall,
.............................................................................................City A.B.C
.............................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore.

Subject: Rising prices of things of daily use (Inflation)
Sir,
Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question-rising prices of things of daily use that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. I am very sorry to point out that the prices of common goods are going up day by day. I think there is no check to it. The government seems to be indifferent to this problem, which is troubling the layman. According to a press report, during the last six months, there has been an increase in the prices from 30% to 40%. This continuing trend of accession in prices has made the life of the people miserable, as their sources of income are limited. Now the present situation is that it seems difficult for the poor to keep body and soul together. I think the government should realize its responsibility and gives some relief to the consumers by mitigating the prices of the goods of daily use. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.
(a) The government should encourage mill owners to adopt latest methods and machinery in the factories in order to increase its productions.
(b) It should cope with overpopulation in order to provide things of daily use to all the people in proper quantities.
(c) It should also appoint inspectors to check the rates of commodities in every city and town.
I hope that the concerned authorities would take some drastic steps to solve this social evil.

......................................................................................Yours truly,
.......................................................................................X.Y.Z.

2- LETTER TO EDITOR – SMOKING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
..................................................................................Examination Hall, . ..................................................................................City A.B.C

..................................................................................June 14,2010.
To
The Editor,
The News,
Lahore

Subject: Smoking in educational institutions

Sir,
Through the courtesy of your esteemed paper, I would like to draw the attention of the higher authorities to a burning question – smoking in educational institutions that has become a matter of deep concern for all and sundry. I am very sorry to point out that smoking has become very much common in colleges and universities. It is not so in schools because the students are afraid of their teachers. There is free atmosphere in colleges and universities and the students take undue advantage of it. It is also very sad that college authorities take little notice of it. Sometimes, some teachers have been seen smoking along with the students. It is sad that even female students also smoke cigarettes. It is very bad. It goes without saying that smoking is injures to health. The latest medical reports reveal that smoking affects our lungs badly and brings about many ailments of breath. It also causes cancer of numerous forms. I would make the following measures to the government in this connection.
(a) The government should make the people aware of its pernicious and effects on health as well as atmosphere through media.
(b) It should also enact a law that smoking is prohibited in offices and educational institutions.
(c) The tobacco companies should also be discouraged.I hope that the government would take some drastic steps to solve this problem.

..................................................................................Yours truly,
..................................................................................X.Y.Z.

A SELECTION SHORT STORIES FOR BA,BSC

6- THE HAPPY PRINCE
(BY: OSCAR WILD)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

The happy prince and the little swallow gain and esthetic pleasure by helping others. A little swallow does not migrate with his relative from England to Egypt because he involves in the love a beautiful reed. Therefore, when he feels isolation he has to see off the reed because it refuses to fly with him. Thus he flies and arrives in the feet of the statue of the happy prince. Once the statue was called the happy prince by his countries in his lifetime because he lived in the sans souci palace. He never saw sorrow. After his death, his statue was fixed on the highest column of the city. The statue was made with astounding jewels and gold. Now the people come and admire the statue of the happy prince’s beauty. They think him weathercock or an angle. On the other hand, now the prince is not happy because he has seen the miserable condition of the people. He longs to help them but can’t. Thus he cannot help weeping. On the arrival of the little swallow, he begins to help the poor people. Both by helping them, sacrifice their lives and beauty. The dead body of the bird and the leaden heart of the statue are thrown away. But ALLAH and His angles like them. This fantasy evokes us a lot to help others. Real satisfaction lies in helping others.


7- THE TELL TALE HEART
(BY: E.A POE)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

The narrator elaborates that his landlord was an old man who was very king hearted to him he and the old man lived alone in the house. The narrator likes the old man but the old man’s eye makes his blood run cold. His eye is as if it were a vulture eye. There is blue film over it, and is always full with yellow liquid. The narrator is too sensitive. Thus, whenever he sees his eye, he terrifies. With the passage of time, he resolves to kill the old man, to get ride of his vulture eye. He goes to his room every midnight with great precaution. But returns useless because finds his eye closed. For seven nights he practice the same. On 8th night, he goes and finds his eye opened. Thus, his anger starts to increase. He hears the terrified heart beating of the old man in muffled sound. He drags the old man and kills him. Only one cry of the old man is heard, his heart ceases to beat. He chops his dead body into pieces and buries into the floor. Every thing is washed away. A little later, three policemen come there and investigate him about the cry. He cleverly faces them by sitting on the premises. He hears the muffled sound, which increases steadily. He cries and shows the dead body. He is declared mad but is not but too much sensitive. The suspense is horrible in the story.


8- ARABY
(BY: JAMES JOYCE)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

The narrator elaborates the discussion about his love feelings with his playmate, Mangan’s sister. He loves her passionately. She is like a shadow and the protagonist is running behind her. He is shy by nature thus he can not discuss his love feelings with her. He forgets to play. He has lost the interest in books but only one thing is there before him as a beautiful reflection and that is the charming figure of Mangan’s sister. He does not want to hear the noise of a bazaar but all the time wishes to involve in his confused adoration of love. Once he ask her to accompany him to Araby bazaar but she cannot go. Araby is a bazaar of outstanding things. He promises her to bring as expensive and beautiful gift for her. Hw longs to go on Saturday and demand money from his uncle. He is fixed in many types of frustration and waits for Saturday. Therefore on Saturday night, his uncle gives him 5 florins too late. He rushes toward the bazaar in passive mood. But half of the bazaar is closed down and the available gift for porcelain vase is out of his reach. Thus he returns is dejected mood. The dark bazaar and the deserted train become the symbol of his dispersing feelings of love. No one recognizes his sincere love.



9- THE NECKLACE
(BY: GUY DE MAUPASENT)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

We ought to be contented. This story tells us the same through the stub-born as well adamant woman, Matilda and her hen-pecked husband, Loisal. Matilda is a very beautiful and attractive woman but unfortunately she born in a poor family of clerks and married to a clerk, Loisal. He loves his wife a lot but she hates the dull and drab routine of her life. Poverty has surrounded her and she dreams of rich and aristocratic life. Loisal tries his level best to pacify his wife through every possible way. Therefore, Matilda cannot help weeping. One day, he brings an invitation card of a dance party at the minister’s residence. He gives her 400 francs to purchase a dress. He suggests her to borrow some jewelry from her friend Mrs.Jinnie. She borrows a beautiful and astounding diamond necklace. She looks the most beautiful in the party but loses the necklace on returning. Hence they have to pay 36000 Francs to purchase a new necklace. Loisal and Matilda have to do over work to return the debt. Within ten years, they seem older than their ages but her girlfriend tells in the end that the necklace was fake. Thus, they are punished more than the crime, they committed.



10- THE DUCHESS AND THE JEWELER
(BY: VIRGINIA WOOLF)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

Oliver bacon is a famous jeweler of London. He was born in poor family. Now he is a rich man. His only weakness is that he likes to be invited by rich. He is pleased to see the rich requesting him for help. Once Duchess of Lombourne comes to him to sell some false pearls. Bacon takes one of the pearls between his fingers and beings to examine if it is real or false. The Duchess is very clever. She says that she is hard up those days. She requests him to help her. Then she begins to talk about her beautiful daughter Diana. She invites Bacon to a party, which is going to be held at the weekend. She tells Bacon that Diana will also present in the party. The thought of Diana and the condition of the Duchess confuses him. He feels himself important. He imagines himself to be in the party. He writes “twenty” and then stops. He looks at the pearls. He sees towards his mother’s picture. Then he thinks of the function to be attended by the Prime Minister other gentry above all Diana. At last, he writes, “twenty thousand” on the cheque and hands it over to the Duchess. So we see that the Duchess takes advantage of his complexity and is able to sell her false pearls. Later on Bacon discovers that the pearls are not real, and feels sorry.
Virginia demonstrates the tussle in the mind of a man. Virginia throws light on the moral decadence of the English elite class of her days. The poor but hardworking people are getting high rich.

A SELECTION SHORT STORIES FOR BA,BSC

3- THE NEW CONSTITUTION
(BY:SADAT HASSAN MANTU)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

Ustad Mango was a tongawala and the true representative of all the downtrodden Indians. He had all type of knowledge. He hated the Gora soldiers. He abused them as monkey, white mice and decay carcasses. He had worse opinion for the British. The misbehavior of the Gora soldier was responsible of his such a substandard and worse opinion. This simple tongawala started to think about the new constitution. Luckily, there a news about the new constitution was heard by Mangu. He developed various types of bright expectations with it as they were going to be free. First April was the day when the Indian act 1935 was going to be promulgated.
On first April, he came on road earlier than usual. But by seeing that nothing was changed, he becomes dejected. He went to the cantonment area. There he was face to face with the same Gora who had once insulted him. But today it was the Indian Raj. So Ustad Mangu beat him black and blue. He abused him on his same cockiness. But later Mangu was disillusioned when he was told nothing was changed and the Indians were made fool.



4- BREAKFAST
(BY: JHON STINBECK)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

‘’Breakfast’’ is the story of a poor family willing to work happily for a better living. The members of the family had no bitter feeling no complaints, no anger against any person or the government on account of their poverty. They appeared to be contented and resigned at their fate. Contentment was visible on their faces. Rather they felt greatly thankful to God in having found work. They did cotton picking. The writer once had breakfast with those poor villagers. It was quit strange to think that they offered him breakfast and proposed him to go with them for cotton picking. It was the time of great business depression from 1929-1933. Their good attitude was truly a glimpse of purity of living. They passed their lives without any tension. They full enjoyed the each and every moment. They were poor but God fearing living upon seasonal labor of cotton picking whenever the writer thinks about their good attitude he fills with passion.


5- TAKE PITY
(BY: BERNARD MALAMUD)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

Ego spoils the personality. It darkens the bright relations. The story of Rosen an ex-coffee salesman shows the same. It is totally related to a woman who involves in ego. Eva, kalishs widow after the death of her husband tries to run a general store which a failed. Rosen being a sincere friend firstly has been inducing to her husband to avoid from running the store and later induces Eva. But the polish refugee, Eva being an egocentric does not agree with Rosen. Eva tries to reestablish the general store. But the general store is failed and Eva along with her two daughters begins to starve. Rosen through every possible way strives to help them. The financial help, sympathy and even marriage proposal all are rejected by Eva due to herself adamant. At one side he is tired with her egoism while on the other hand he starts to love her. He wishes to assist her but Eva does not accept anything from his presentations. Thus, Rosen tries to commit suicide therefore is saved. Now Eva has understood his true love and dedication but now Rosen becomes and egocentric and rejects her by abusing.

A SELECTION SHORT STORIES FOR BA,BSC

2- RAPPACCINNI’S DAUGHTER
(BY: NATHINAL HAWTHORNE)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

Rappaccinni is a very dangerous scientist who can do any thing for the save of scientific knowledge. He has mutilated the actual life of his own daughter, Beatrice who is very beautiful outwardly but too much poisonous inwardly. She has been brought up in the poisonous smell of dangerous especially the magnificent plant having flowers on it. Giovanni comes to study in the same city and falls in love with Beatrice despite of the warning of his uncle, professor Bagloni.
He meets her daily. Though they love other but never touch or kiss. This strong feeling of love turns into fear because Giovanni also becomes poisonous, as is Beatrice. He provides Beatrice the antidote given by Bagloni. She drinks and dies now and then. Rappaccinni’s secret is revealed out that he wants to make a poisonous couple of his daughter and Giovanni. It is confusing that one loves science so much. The story is only fantasy.

A SELECTION SHORT STORIES FOR BA,BSC

1-THE KILLERS
(BY: EARNS HAMINGWAY)
(Prof: Rana Qasim Anwar)

Crimes and criminology have become the part and parcel of some civilized societies. The natives have shrunk to death. The two professional cutthroats, Al and Max come in Henry’s lunchroom and make hostage to the staff of the restaurant i.e. Nick Adam, the waiter, George, the counterman and Sam, the cook. They are told to act according to their orders. They want to kill Ole Anderson, a Swede heavy weight boxer ‘’just to oblige of a friend.’’ They wait for him but luckily he does not come. So they leave the restaurant in extreme suspense and horror.
Nick Adam heroically rushes to inform Ole Anderson but Anderson knows everything already. He has exhausted by running from place to place. He does not want to inform the police because they will not do any good thing for him. It might be possible, he has double-crossed with some one. Nick Adam is astonished. He returns and expresses to George that man must not wait for his death. The attitude of the mercenary killers has made the people like Nick Adam disturb. There as more suspense than the cruel murder.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

20- IN BROKEN IMAGES
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “IN Broken Images” by Robert Graves.
CONTEXT: The poet compares himself with a sharp person. The sharp person has clear images. He assumes relevancy of his findings, which brings his failure. On the other hand, the poet is dull and has broken images. He mistrusts his images and finds the truth
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells that,
The poet throws light on the importance of spirit of enquiry. He says that we should not believe a thing without doubting its reality. He advises us to continue our quest for acquiring and improving our knowledge. We should always remain thoughtful about the realities of life.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

19- A MAN OF WORDS AND NOT OF DEEDS
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “A Man Of Words And Not of Deeds” by Charles Perrault, translated by Robert Samber.
CONTEXT: The poet states that a man, who always talks but does not do any practical work, is useless for his society. He should not be a talkative one. To the poet, a man must be a man of action, so as to be useful for his society, which is his foremost duty.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells that,
An idle man leads an animals and meaningless life. His life in the world is marked with despair. He cannot achieve his goal. It is only a man of action who achieves his aim in life. A person who simply goes on talking lacks practical knowledge of the world. His life is like a garden full of weeds.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

18- LOVE – AN ESSENCE OF ALL RELIGIONS
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “Love-An Essence Of All Religions” by Jalaluddin Rumi and translated by Dr. Nichalson.
CONTEXT: The poet says that love is a mighty and powerful thing. It exercises great influence on all objects of nature. It changes our feelings and emotions. It makes us cheerful when we are sad. It tames the wilds animals. It grants health to sick persons. It makes the mighty kings humble.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells that,
The poet has justified that love is an essence of all religions. It is love that makes a man’s life a success. To him, life without love is not worth living. Love is the binding force, which God has bestowed upon man. Now, the followers of every religion should adopt it to make the world peaceful.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

17- THE DELIGHT SONG
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “The Delight Song” by N. Scott Momaday.
CONTEXT: The poet identifies himself with many beautiful things. He says that he is a father, a blue horse, a shiny fish, a shadow of a child, an evening light, an eagle, a cluster of beads, a far-off star, the cold of morning, the sound of rain, a shine on the snow, the track of moon on water, and a flame of four colors.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet says that,
The poet has expressed his viewpoint that if we want to enjoy life we must have a good and close relationship with all the objects of nature, both living and lifeless and be in complete harmony with nature. This shows that the poet has a living heart.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

16- GOD’S ATRIBUTES
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “God’s Attributes” written by Jalaluddin Rumi and translated by Dr. Nichakson.
CONTEXT: The poet has explained some attributes of God. To him, the attributes of God are not mere titles, but these are meaningful and effective for the formation of our character. God is seeing, hearing, and knowing so people should not do anything wrong.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet says that,
In this poem the poet wants to make us realize that the god is the creator of this world. Even a single mote is in His observation. He even knows those ideas that are devised by our mind. We should realize our duties to the creator of this world and fulfill them.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

15- HE CAME TO KNOW HIMSELF
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “He Came To Know Himself” by Sachal Sarmast.
CONTEXT: The poet says that it is our love of God that reveals to us the mystery of life. For this purpose, he has involved himself in love. Sometimes, he becomes Mansur to have his head cut. Sometimes, he becomes Yousif to be sold for God’s love.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet says that,
Sachal Sarmast was a mystic poet. His poetry charged with deep love of God. He has expressed his views about the purpose of man’s creation. God Almighty created man and made him His vicegerent so as to reveal knowledge about His self. Now it is up to man to prove him able to that position.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

14- MY NEIGHBOUR FRIEND BREATHING HIS LAST
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, “My Neighbor Friend Breathing His Last” by Bullah Shah and translated by A.R. Luther.
CONTEXT: The poet’s friend who is also his neighbor is living this world. The poet is greatly shocked at it. His companions too are ready to bid him farewell. There are cries and shrieks everywhere. He is unable to understand what to do.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet says that,
Bullah Shah is a holy saint. His poetry is charged with mystic color. He says that death is the great reality of this world. Everything is mortal in this world except God’s love. It is love of God that can give us strength to bear the loss of our friends and relatives.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

13- A TALE OF TWO CITIES
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem,” A Take of Two Cities” by John Peter.
CONTEXT: The poet tells us about the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He narrated how the people of the two cities of Japan passed through the cruelest period of their lives when atomic bombs destroyed the glory of their culture and civilization. But they rose to height once again.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
The poem has been written in the background of Second World War. The poet has tried to make us realize that a single action taken in fury can demolish the whole world. He also advises us that things can be destroyed but the will of man cannot be destroyed.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

12- RUBA’IYAT
REFRENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem,”Ruba’iyat”by Allama Muhammed Iqbal.
CONTEXT: The poet advises the Muslims to have firra faith in Allah. They should keep the example of Hazrat Abraham before them while expressing love for God. The Muslims have a center like Makkah. While the Europeans do not have any such thing. Unfortunately, the Muslims lack faith and unity.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
Allama Iqbal who is well known as the poet of the East tries to wake the Muslims up from their slumber. He is a great Muslim philosopher. His poetry reflects his love for Islam. He laments that the Muslims have discarded the practice of Islam in their daily life. Their love for religion has weakened.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

11- LEISURE
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Leisure’’ by William Henry Davies.
CONTEXT: The poet has criticized the very fast and busy mode of life of the modern men as it has deprived them of enjoying the beauty of the various living and lifeless objects of nature. To him, such life is no life, if it is full of cares.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
William Davies is a modern poet. He is deadly opposed to the gross materialism of modern life. In his view, man has devoted all his energy to earn money. Materialism of modern age has made his life mechanical. His busy life and his craze to earn money have added to his worries.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

10- THE HOLLOW MEN
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’The Hollow Men’’ by T.S. Eliot.
CONTEXT: The poet tells us that modern man has become a puppet and doll in this age. He lacks true knowledge and wisdom. He speaks to other people but his speech lacks meaning. His strength lacks motion. He seems to be only puppet made of straw.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
The poet has studied the human life very closely. He is against the materialism of the modern man. His masterpiece ‘’Wasteland’’ is replete with such incidents, which expose the evils of modern man. To him, he has become hollow from within, he has become soulless.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

9- THE FEED
REFERNCE: These line have been taken from the poem, ‘’ The Feed’’ by Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi.
CONTEXT: The poet describes the love of mother sparrow for her young ones. Her young ones are ten in number. They are a few days old. The mother sparrow has one grain of millet to feed them. She does not know how to feed one grain to her ten young ones.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
The poet gives us many lessons. He advises us not to weep and cry rather we should work hard in life to be independent. He has symbolically told us that small children are helpless and totally dependent upon their parents. He advises the world power to produce grains instead of atom bombs.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

8- OZYMANDIAS
REFERENCE: These line have been taken from the poem, ‘’Ozymandias’’ by P.B. Shelley.
CONTEXT: The poet says that the paths of glory but lead to the grave. He saw a statue of a king. Its two huge legs were without its trunk. The face was laying half buried in the sand. The pet mocks at the pride of human greatness.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
He tells us that everything in the World is prone to destruction. Therefore, it is no use to be proud of one’s achievements. Time is very cruel, even the mightiest and greatest men die and after death, their monuments too perish soon. Death is a great leveler.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

7- TIMES
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Time’’ by Ecclesiastes.
CONTEXT: The poet says that everything is in universe takes place according to fixed timetable. It should be clear-cut to us that the governing power is the Lord of the universe. We can do nothing expect to obey. We should believe in the decree of fate.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
This poem tells us a lesson that it is golden rule to spend life according to the set timetable. We can establish relations with other people at regular and particular occasions. Our losses and gains are pre-determined. In this respect man is puppet in the hands of fate.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

6- SINDHI WOMEN
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Sindhi Women’’ by Jan Stallworthy.
CONTEXT: The poet is impressed by the grace of Sindhi woman who is passing through a dirty bazaar of Karachi. Her gait is steady and regular, though she is lifting weight on her head. The poet learns that the persons who face difficulties are able to walk erect.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
This poem is a tribute to work. It presents a faithful picture of a Sindhi woman who is working in the dirty streets of Karachi. She is walking erect with the delicacy of a dancer’s feet. Its gist is: ‘’Work is key to honor and success’’

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING (POETRY BOOK III)
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

5- IN THE STREET OF THE FRUIT STALLS
REFERNCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’In the street of the fruit stalls’’ by J. Stallwrthy.
CONTEXT: This poem is a description of street. It the time of evening. The fruits have been piled up in a conical form. Some black children come there, buy fruits and eat joyfully. The pulp of fruits wet their fingers and mouths. They don’t care of their surroundings.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
This symbolic poem highlights that the danger of war, misery and poverty has fails to crush man’s love for pleasure. Children enjoy the sweet juice of the fruit, forgetting all about their misery. This poem also suggests that the poor are always satisfied with the little they get.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING (POETRY BOOK III)
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

4-O WHERE ARE YOU GOING?
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem ‘’O Where are you going?’’ by Anonymous
CONTEXT: In this poem the reader tries to stop the rider from going on a dangerous journey. He tries to frighten him by telling him that the way is full of trials and troubles. But the rider is very courageous and brave person. He tells the reader that such difficulties are for the coward.
EXPLANATION: In these lines the poet tells us that,
This poem is dialogue between two imaginary characters. The reader is the symbol of negative and opposing force while the rider is of positive force. The poet wants to suggest us, if we want to do a tremendous work, we should not pay attention to discouraging arguments.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING (POETRY BOOK III)
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

3-LOVELIEST OF TREES, THE CHERRY NOW
REFERNCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Loveliest of tree, The Cherry Now’’ by A.E Housman.
CONTEXT: This poem is in praise of cherry tree covered with flowers. It is spring season. The cherry is in full bloom. The poet wants to enjoy it for seventy years but the has spent twenty years of his life. He wants to go to woods to enjoy the beauty of cherry trees.
EXPLANATION: In these lines, the poet tells us that,
The people tell us about the exotic beauty of the cherry tree. To him, this tree presents such a beauty as should be fully enjoyed, but man’s life is too short to enjoy its beauty. In fact the poet wants to draw the attention of people towards natural beauty.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

FIRST YEAR NOTES ON STANZA WRITING (POETRY BOOK III)
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

2-Night Mall
REFERENCE: These lines have been taken from the poem, ‘’Night Mall’’ by W.H Auden.
CONTEXT: This poem is a description of the journey of the night mall. We are told, how the train passes through farms, green fields and bushes. It brings mail for people belonging to every section of society. It emits smoke and makes noise. Sometimes, it travels silent.
EXPLANATION: In these lines, the poet tells us that,
The poet has described the arrival of nigh mall, which is useful for both the rich and the poor. It brings different things for everyone. Different reactions are shown to its arrival. It suggests us a lesson of punctuality and facing the sufferings of life with courage.

FIRST YEAR (POETRY BOOK III)

NOTES ON STANZA WRITING
(By: Prof. Saleem Parvez , Faisalabad)

1-The Rain

REFERNCE: These lines have taken from the poem ‘’The Rain’’ by W.H. Davies.
CONTEXT: The poem describes the beauty of rain. The falling rain on the leaves is a source of sweet music. The sunlight after the rain is also a scene to be enjoyed. However, a poor suffers from the unpleasant effect of rain.
EXPLANATION: In these lines, the poet tells us that,
The poet has symbolically narrated the healthy effects of the rain on men. Here the rich leaves represent the rich people and the poor leaves stand for poor people. Thus it shows both the bright aspects of nature.

RESULTS,NOTES,DATESHEET,

EXAMINATION RESULTS
PUNJAB
LAHORE BOARD
LAHORE TECHNICAL BOARD
FAISALABAD BOARD
GUJARANWALA BOARD
FEDERAL BOARD
RAWALPINDI BOARD
SARGHODHA BOARD
MULTAN BOARD
BAHAWALPUR BOARD
D.G KHAN BOARD
SINDH
SINDH BOARD (KARACHI)
BALOCHISTAN
BALOCHISTAN BOARD
N.W.F.P
PESHAWAR BOARD
KOHAT BOARD
BANNU BOARD
SAWAT BOARD
AJK BOARD, MIRPUR (AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR)
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

OTHER RESULTS
NTS (NATIONAL TESTING SERVICE)
HAJJ DRAW RESULT

STUDY NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES